The synthesis of helium and CNO isotopes in massive stars

We present helium and CNO isotopic yields for massive mass-losing stars in the initial mass range 15M M _i 50M . We investigate their dependence on assumptions about mass loss rates, internal mixing processes, and metallicity, and specify the contributions from stellar winds and from supernova ejecta.     

Optical and X-ray aspects of quasars

We review the present knowledge on the cosmological evolution of quasars, by discussing some of the recent results obtained from studies of optically selected objects. Despite the fast development of prism survey tecniques, the color selection still appears to be the best tecnique for constructing the complete samples which are necessary for statistical studies. It is shown, however, that even the best available complete samples of quasars selected on the basis of ultraviolet excess (z < 2.2) are not sufficient to univocally determine the “correct” evolutionary model. Moreover, some preliminary results suggest that the evolution law derived from quasars with m_B<20 and z<2.2 can not be extrapolated to fainter magnitudes and higher redshifts. On the basis of what is known today about the optical and X-ray properties of quasars, we then discuss some of teh possible results, relevant to cosmology, which can be achieved with future coordinated optical and X-ray observations of quasars.     

From Titan’s tholins to Titan’s aerosols: Isotopic study and chemical evolution at Titan’s surface

In the present work, we focused on the possible isotopic fractionation of carbon during the processes involved in the formation of Titan’s tholins. We present the first results obtained on the ¹²C/¹³C isotopic ratios measured on Titan’s tholins synthesized in laboratory with cold plasma discharges. Measurements of isotopic ratio ¹²C/¹³C, done both on tholins and on the initial gas mixture (N₂:CH₄ (98:2)) used to produce them, do not show any evident deficit or enrichment in ¹³C relatively to ¹²C in the synthesized tholins, compared to the initial gas mixture. This observation allows to go further in the analyses of the ACP experiment data, including part of the Cassini–Huygens mission.     

Abundances of Light Elements

This paper briefly reviews a few relevant features about the abundances of light elements (D, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be) in the Milky Way. It places special emphasis on metal-poor stars. Observational concerns are discussed. The use of ⁷Li and ⁶Li as cosmological probes and of ⁹Be as a chronometer for the early evolution of our Galaxy are discussed.     

复杂地质结构的四维地质层面自动生成算法

地质建模在石油勘探开发、矿产资源开采领域有广泛的应用,在分析当前地质层面生成算法的基础上,提出了基于变形算法的四维地质建模方法.首先通过构建断层空间关系二叉树和空间变形场,将地质层面的离散点恢复变形到原始形貌状态,再将原始形貌地质层面网格断裂变形到时间t,生成四维地质层面,最后给出算法的实例验证算法的有效性.该算法不需交互编辑,自动生成四维地质层面,已应用于油田正演、地下水地质建模等领域.      

基于单一产品数据源的BOM管理

如何管理产品生命周期中的各种物料项清单BOM(Bill of Material)是产 品数据管理的关键,其核心是产品生命周期中BOM的全局数据模型,即BOM之间关系的建立和 维护.借鉴波音公司提出的单一产品数据源SSPD(Single Source of Product Data)思 想,从分析产品生命周期中BOM的演化过程出发,提出了BOM演变原理,并在此基础上,提出 了一种基于SSPD统一管理BOM的框架模型.      

面向产品生命周期的质量数据模型

在对产品生命周期和产品进化链质量保证过程分析的基础上,提出了一种面向产品生命周期和产品进化链的多层次质量数据模型.该模型以融合产品结构模型和产品进化模型的广义物料清单作为单一数据辐射源,通过产品进化模型完整表达产品的改进过程,实现了产品进化生命周期内的质量数据的集成.在产品生命周期内将广义物料清单的多视图按产品生命周期质量管理过程实例化,并以此作为质量数据载体.围绕质量数据载体阶段性的质量管理过程组织产品实现过程中质量业务活动,以质量业务活动为基础,完成具体的质量数据对象的操作与关联,通过"载体—过程—活动—业务对象—物理数据"的关联实现了产品生命周期质量数据的集成.      

一种面向运载火箭自动对接的三维测量场构建方法

旋转激光自动经纬仪系统(R-LATs)是一种基于前方角度交汇的分布式大尺寸测量系统。各激光扫描基站的布局位置直接影响着测量区域内的测量精度和应用性能。从测量区域的测量不确定度量化着手,利用蒙特卡罗法获取各点的测量不确定度,以测量区域的最大不确定度作为主要优化目标,利用差分进化算法自动寻优,更简单有效地实现了面向运载火箭自动对接的R-LATs系统布站优化。最后进行了运载火箭对接测量场的实际应用验证。应用结果表明:该方法能有效优化激光扫描基站布局,提高系统测量精度,满足实际应用需求。     

内连导线线宽对沿晶微裂纹演化的影响

基于应力诱发表面扩散的经典理论,用有限元法模拟了线宽对铜内连导线中沿晶微裂纹演化的影响。数值模拟结果表明:随着线宽的减小,椭圆形沿晶微裂纹存在分节与不分节两种演化分叉趋势,且演化分节存在临界线宽珔hc;当珔h≤珔hc时,沿晶微裂纹分节成3个新的沿晶微裂纹;当珔h珔hc时,沿晶微裂纹圆柱化。沿晶微裂纹分节时间^tf随线宽的减小而减小,即减小线宽会加速微裂纹分节。临界外载珋σc与临界形态比βc随线宽的减小而减小,即减小线宽有利于沿晶微裂纹分节。临界外载和临界形态比随晶界能与表面能比值的增大而减小,且沿晶微裂纹比晶内微裂纹更易发生分节。     

The chemical composition of B-supergiant atmospheres

We present new estimates of He/H and CNO abundance ratios in the atmospheres of a selection of B2 supergiants which imply that the C/N ratio in the most luminous Ia stars is close to its equilibrium value. The is also some evidence for more moderate CN abundance anomalies in the B2Ib and B2II supergiants. These results, together with other recent work, imply that the effects of the CNO bi-cycle on the composition of B-supergiant atmospheres are most severe for the more luminous and massive stars. Furthermore, studies of LMC B-supergiants indicate that a small fraction of these very luminous stars are nitrogen weak. This picture is qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions whenever massive stars perform blue loops in the HR diagram, returning from a red supergiant phase to become core helium burning blue supergiants with atmospheres contaminated by nuclear processed material.